Wednesday, April 1, 2020

Economic Impact of COVID-19


Human race is a resilient specie with a  strong survival instinct,having gone through many wars, pandemics and disasters.  Following the nature’s rule of survival of the fittest, humans have not only survived in all situations but also ensured lesser space for other living beings eventually causing  many species to extinction.

COVID-19 has provided human beings yet another opportunity  of survival.  Following  Maslow’s theory, in all this panic and chaos, only thing which went short on supply was the basic necessity that is the  food.  People do not seem worried about closure of airports, luxury brands, cars and fine dining.  Prices of non-essentials have plunged while trillions of dollars have just been wiped off global economy. So far, it is  only the basic food commodities that maintains its importance; as it can allow long periods of isolation without starving.  Governments’ main concern today is health care for the sick and food for all.

Outcome of this outbreak is yet not known, neither a cure has been found.  Even the most developed countries are unable to give a timeline whereby their own country can be pulled out from the whirlpool of this mutated virus. Apparently, human’s own immune system is initiating the healing process and doctors are supporting by managing the patient. 

Since the virus  first detection in December 2019, more than 800,000 people have been infected with this virus and the number continues to grow.  Deaths have crossed more than 50,000 and counting is still on. It is still difficult to fathom the extent of morbidity and mortality in in coming days but one thing appears to be more certain that it will take a few months to recover out of this health crisis  However, economic effects of this fiasco will take a much longer time to recover.
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World is already witnessing crash of stock exchanges, intangible money in the stocks have simply been wiped off the books.   Likewise, many businesses addressing luxurious needs have come tumbling down.  Economist are predicting joblessness to touch 25 million figure, just in USA. As COVID-19 is  spreading fast and unleashing its influence to immobilise the smartest living creatures on earth,  estimates given earlier seem to  be obsolete.  Leading airlines of the world are shedding staff to the tune of thousands.  Revenue losses only in this segment are touching US$1 trillion mark.  Some airlines have already announced pay cuts or sent staff on unpaid leave.
When a person´s health and livelihood are the most important factors in one’s day to day life, need of luxurious apparels holds lesser importance .This will eventually lead to lifestyle cuts and reduced consumer preference in spending on these items.  Thus, a recession in apparel industry is eminent,  which is likely to affect countries like India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan etc., as export orders will reduce and it will become unsustainable for small manufacturing concerns, resulting in reduction in manpower or total closure of the units. Industries supporting apparel industry will have ripple effect.  Many brands have already announced online sale for their new arrivals and put a cap on further orders. Likewise Energy sector will face serious challenges owing to falling oil prices. It will have to take concrete measures to reduce production cost, which may involve review of human resource cost.  

With increasing unemployment and pay cuts, disposable income for extravagances and frills will reduce considerably.  Governments will be more concerned with food security leading to promotion of agricultural produce. Strategic food stock levels will be increased, exports for value addition will reduce.  In overall terms economy of those countries capable to produce their own food will revive earlier than those dependents on others.   Companies involved in production of value-added food and consumer products will take longer, to recover from this economic crisis.  Luxury industry will be the tail ender in the game of revival.  

If this ordeal continues for another 6 months , the world may witness grave consequences; eventualities that we are  not prepared for. A financial crisis occurred in 2008 resulting in fall in oil prices and cities like Dubai became city of empty skyscrapers. To date many high rise, remain without occupants, though not publicly admitted.  The domino effect was halted by pumping money into the system from different corners and lowering interest rates, etc.  It was all because of a single factor of high mortgage risks. This time situation is altogether different, it is not primarily  a financial crisis, yet has brought the world to a standstill, well almost!. It has brought down oil prices all the way down to US$20 per barrel and the journey further downhill will not be a surprise.
In the developing scenario, have nots may develop criminal mob psyche.  Some isolated incidents that have taken place across the globe, indicates that if something is not done soon to provide basics for under privileged, an irreversible chain mob psyche is likely to begin. Economists are forecasting losses, rich are less worried at present due to accumulated wealth, whereas media is creating chaos to save its own jobs, but and but with all capitals.  NO ONE WILL BE SAFE.

Question arises as to what the solution can save millions of jobs and prevent a total damage to wheel of global economy?

Take a break and slow down!

Adopting simpler lifestyle will be the key to ensure minimum unemployment and sustain maximum businesses. A cut in earning must be taken by all individuals and trades to help people survive.   Businesses will have to re-think their pricing and profit strategy. While People will have to re-consider reduction in their monthly incomes.  The world will have to take measures to immediately bring down costs matching a decade ago and so the remunerations.  These steps may not be very lucrative, to start with, but will help avoid anarchy of civil wars and lawlessness.  It may cause discomfort to  the privileged class but will keep the doors open to silver lining. 

This is the time each and everyone should rise above own self and think selflessly.  Otherwise if banks start filing bankruptcies, whatever is accumulated will vanish in few seconds.

A time to re-think!

Monday, October 7, 2019

Sustainability


Introduction

Sustainability has two definitions “the ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level.” and “avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain an ecological balance.”  Though a single word, yet engulfs a world of aspects and factors, when it comes to global issues and concerns.  In the modern world sustainability has become a very important subject; companies are concentrating on different aspects of sustainability, including but not limited to Asset, Financial, People & Culture, Security, Compliance, Communication, Risk and Environment. Responsible companies are diverting efforts to ensure sustainability, with major focus on environment.  Recyclability has become paramount. Many international brands have already incorporated in their 2020 goal, to procure from sustainability compliant vendors.  This poses great threat to countries like Pakistan, which needs growth of exports, to cater trade deficit.

Electricity Lifeline for Developing Countries

Pakistan is a developing country and has ever growing appetite for electricity.  Despite high electricity prices electricity is not available, even in big cities, for long periods of time.  It is estimated that tens of thousands of villages in Pakistan will not have electricity for decades.  In order to allow Pakistan a progress at galloping pace and reduce urban migration it is important that modern facilities are extended to smaller towns and villages. Currently, Pakistan’s 79% of electricity comes from most expensive source of Oil and Natural Gas.  11% from hydro, 7% from Coal and 2% nuclear source. Pakistan’s NG resources are already depleting; thus the country is resorting to import LNG. Another drain on forex reserves.

Waste a Threat to Environment

It is estimated that about 48.5 million tons of solid waste per year, is generated in Pakistan.  It is increasing at the rate of more than 2 percent per annum. Like other developing countries, Pakistan lacks waste management infrastructure, creating serious environmental problems. Most municipal waste is either burned, dumped or buried on vacant lots, threatening the health and welfare of inhabitants. Thus, a serious threat to sustainability. According to the Government of Pakistan, it is estimated that 87,000 tons of solid waste is generated per day, mostly from major metropolitan areas. Karachi, Pakistan’s largest city, generates more than 13,500 tons of municipal waste every day. Similar challenges are being faced by all major cities on how to manage urban waste. Bureaucratic hurdles, lack of urban planning, inadequate waste management equipment, and low public awareness contribute to the problem. Incinerators being operated by local governments are of old technology and are seriously damaging surrounding vegetation and trees. Consequently, adding to the agony of people, environment and businesses.

Waste to Energy

Waste to Energy (WET) is a tested concept of utilizing solid & municipal waste for contributing to country’s economy and developing bioeconomy.  Pakistan can effectively use its waste to reduce certain imports, supplement energy production, improve environmental conditions and safely get rid of daily waste produced.
Though garbage transportation to landfill should not cost more than US$6-7 per ton; however, Sindh government is spending to the tune of US$25 per ton of garbage removal, which is dumped at landfills.  Only 40% of the garbage is being transported to landfill costing PKR54 million a day, almost PKR20 billion a year. Undoubtedly garbage heaps continue to increase at the rate of 7000MT per day on streets of a city once known for its sophistication, lights and lifestyle.
Likewise, sewage waste is being dumped in sea and rivers effecting marine life and water quality of rivers.  Adding to environmental damage and negative effect on economic activities.

Waste is a Goldmine

It is need of the hour to deliberate on solutions to such gigantic issues.  Despite lot of water having passed under the bridge, much can be done to mitigate the situation. Its time, instead of paying for garbage removal, revenue for picking up the garbage should be generated.
It is estimated that 1MT of solid waste can generated 500KWh of electricity.  Considering 50% of solid waste generated daily from Karachi, a potential exists to generate 3500MWh of electricity, with zero toxic emissions.   Such type of power generation is already being done in countries like Sweden and Singapore, since long. Applying same model to other cities of Pakistan can provide substantial amount of electricity each day.  Pakistan has an estimated Municipal waste of 87,000MT per day, means a potential of 33,000MWh.
Sewage waste for Karachi only, is to the tune of 450Mgd liters approximately 1.7 billion liters a day.  This waste can be used to produce fertilizer, methane and clean water.  Similar models in other cities can help to supplement rivers with clean water or can be used for irrigation.

How to Achieve the Objective

Currently most of the waste in country is being handled by government department. No need to mention their efficiency, corrupt practices and exorbitant expenditures.  Therefore, tasking government officials to establish such units would be creating more parasites to government exchequer. Furthermore, government exchequer is already under heavy pressures, thus cannot afford to invest in such ventures.  Only solution is to involve private sector, facilitating them to establish such units and run it on commercial basis.   Unfortunately, private sector comprises of influential and nobles, who grab such opportunities and indulge in exorbitant profiteering.  At the end money is siphoned into few pockets and common man bears the brunt.

Solution to this problem is making a listed corporation.  Pakistan’s history is witness to such state-owned corporate having succumbed to political interference, became hostage to employees, suffered red tapism at the hands of bureaucracy and became burden on government exchequer. 

There is no problem for which a workable solution cannot be developed; provided there is a will.  In order to achieve desired objectives such projects need to be free from bureaucrats, profiteers and politicians. It can be achieved through floating IPOs to public; let people of this country invest in the country and reap the benefit of dividends.  Now the question of controlling shares will crop up.  It can be resolved through an independent board of governors through PICG enlisted directors.  Board of governors control the organization through CEO, having smart objectives. Such models are being run by many companies listed on different stock exchanges of world.  This means no single person or family owns majority share, to control the company.  Government will only have to fund for a team of two to three people, who can develop a bankable feasibility for the projects and land for said projects, which may be leased to power generation company and cost apportioned to P&L of individual projects.  Amount spent to develop such feasibility would be a fraction of what government (Federal & Provincial) are paying for removal of garbage each year.

Well defined rules of business can help in reducing the risk of such corporate being hijacked by opportunists and from becoming a parasite on public resources. Likewise, members of board can be restricted to have any stake in the organization and may also be restricted for being concurrently on multiple board of governors of such organisation. The concept can be evolved, refined and implemented to negate bureaucracy, politicians and profiteers to take advantage of their positions; even the workers. 

Conclusion


World has moved ahead, those who did not remain with fast pace of global development have lagged.  And those countries are still developing or underdeveloped.  Out of the box solutions should be explored to revive economy of the country and pick up momentum to compete in highly competitive global environment.  Reliance on local production and jobs generation is the only way to sustain sovereignty.



Monday, December 26, 2016

Plight of Megacities

Plight of Mega cities

Mega cities of the world are source of tourist and business attraction. People all around the world frequent it not only for business purposes but also for leisure.  There are 35 megacities in the world out of these two are in Pakistan, namely Karachi and Lahore. Karachi being 11th and Lahore at 29th position.  Though this is an accepted list for 2015 as per Wikipedia, but fact cannot be ignored that Pakistan had last reliable census in 1998.  Therefore, it can be safely assumed that population considered for megacities of 2015 is an assumption.  As per general perspective Karachi has a population of more than 25million and Lahore is touching 17.5 million.  In consideration with these figures Karachi should be within first 5 of the world and Lahore would stand above 20th position.

What is a megacity? As per the dictionary a metropolitan having a population of 10 million.  Is population the only factor which qualifies a city to be megacity? Most of the people would certainly respond in negative.  In today’s world a megacity is the city which not only has population of more than 10 million but also has the infrastructure to support this population.  A look at Karachi and Lahore from perspective of infrastructure among the top 35 megacities of world would certainly depict these in last five of the world.
Globally infrastructure of megacities are reinforced and upgraded continuously to support population; their need to commute and right to healthy living conditions. When a city becomes unmanageable, new city is developed and connected to the megacity through high speed mass transits.  Islam also advocates development of new cities with increase in population.
Both these megacities are facing constantly increasing population which in turn is increasing burden on limited resources and infrastructure. Unfortunately, government is charging large amounts under the name of commercialization fee, which in fact should be spent on boosting underground infrastructure of the city. Instead of addressing these issues ruling parties take care of their political objectives of plundering. 

Everyday hundreds of people move to these two cities, never to return back.  This influx of internal migration should be stopped to save these cities.  Not by force but by choice and to activate this option it is essential that smaller cities are developed.  Development in smaller cities and towns will attract these people back to their hometowns.  A developed city will automatically generate job opportunities, which will in turn help to improve GDP.  

Friday, July 29, 2016

Budget Review 2010



Pakistan if facing a budget deficit of 163497 Trilllion for which it has its begging bowl extended to IMF and banks.  How many times does a common man look into the figures of budget and analyses what is written in between the lines. Media talks about corruption, but is unable to pin point exactly where money is being bungled. People talk about kickbacks, but no one has been able to identify the real source where these concocted figures brewed.  Let’s take a look into some demands submitted by different government department for budget 2009-10.  No wonder Pakistan is progressing so fast on the ladder of corruption in Transparency International Ratings.

Liver Transplant Centre Project Shaikh Zayed Hospital has been allocated a grant of PKR65.25 billion.  An amount of 20 billion has already been spent in year 2008-09.  Construction of second floor on current Shaikh Zaid Hospital building has already consumed PKR218,8 billion and an amount of PKR300 billion has been allocated in 2009-2010. This means a total of PKR604 trillion has been allocated to civil works.  An A class construction costs not more than 2000-3000 per square foot. Giving margin of some imported fixture, even if double cost is considered equates to covered area of 100 million square feet. Indicated covered area can be constructed on a plot size of 3345 X 3345(yards) or 3.1X3.1 (km)

National Reconstruction Bureau under the head of good governance support has demanded an amount of PKR 5.8billion for purchase of transport this amount is equivalent to 1160 vehicles having price tag of PKR5 million each.  It also needs computer equipment worth PKR460 million equaling to 3067, HP top of the line laptops with 15” LCD, camera, biometric security, etc.

Following figures are eye openers and makes us think about efficiency, sincerity, patriotism of politicians and bureaucrats. These figures tell us as to how pubic money is looted and plundered in broad day light.  Figures given below are just a few examples.  These are mainly restricted to purchases and civil works; maintenance civil works, operational expense and HR cost are other than these amount.  Those interested in knowing further details may consult original document which is 1000 pages long. Another document comprising 2000 pages further enriches the knowledge about how justice is done to public exchequer.

Don’t miss the last portion. It has something which everyone has been looking for.

Project
Item
Amount
Remarks
Construction of 36 Cat IV apartments for customs officers at kemari
Building and Structure
5 billion
If custom considers buying their officers 300 yards bungalow in defence they will save 4.6 billion
Construction of 50 Cat V flats for customs sepoys at kharadar
Building and Structure
6 billion in addition
They should buy one of the new buildings with 50 apartments covered area more than 1600 ft with lift generator and still they will be able to save 5.7 billion
Building of 18 H type quarters MM Qureshi Complex Karachi
Building and Structure
3 billion
They should consider buying 500 yards signature villa in defence and save 2.95 billion
Restructuring of Pakistan Institute of Trade and Development M/o Commerce Islamabad
Computers
041207-A092
PKR70 million
560 top of the line lap tops
Purchase of Transport
041207-A095
PKR200 million
Equal to 111 Honda Civics
Trade and Transportation Facilitation Project

Computer
041214-A092
PKR600million
Equal to 4800 top of the line laptop computers
Purchase of Transport041214-A095
PKR1.5billion
Equal to 835 Honda Civics
Creation of Domestic Commerce Wing MoC
Computer Equipment
PKR718million in addition to 180million
Equal to 5744 top of the line laptops
Plant and Machinery
1.16billion in addition to last year 340 million
Fail to understand what plant and machinery is needed in office except for A/C and telephones.
Furniture and fixtures
1.5 billion in addition to 100 million last year
Equal to 12000 top of the line laptops
Exhibition Hall Lahore
Computer Equipment
1,5 billion
Equal to 12000 top of the line laptops
School of Fashion Design
Consultancy and Contractual Work
5billion
Are we making something better than Parish
Building and Structure
119 billion in addition to 62 billion last year
50 million sq ft of covered area
Purchase of Computer Equipment
5.5 billion
Equal to 44000 top of the line laptops/ server class machines
Purchase of transport
1 billion
Equal to 555 Honda Civics
Plant and Machinary
16.5 billion in addition to 2.5 billion last year
????
Purchase of furniture and fixtures
15 billion in addition to 3 billion last year

Enhancement of Training Capability of CMTI Phase IV Isb
Building and Structure
50 billion
8,333,333 sq ft of covered area just for enhancement of existing facility
Ministry of Culture
Subsidiary Services to Education
326 billion in addition ot 152 billion last year
Now we know where our educational funds are going. In cultural shows.
Civil Works
144 billion
24,000,000 sq ft of covered area
Establishment of NCC performing arts
Building and Structure
3 billion

Pak China Friendship center
Building and Structure
55 billion

Benazir Monument
General Expense
16 Billion
EXCUSE ME
Conservation of Hiran Minar
Building and Structure
30 billion in addition to 10 billion last year
I guess we can construct more than one Hiran Minar in this amount.
Renovation of Iqbal Manzil
Building and Structure
14 billion
Allama Iqbal must be cursing the day he dreamt about Pakistan
Master plan for preservation, upgradation and rehabilitation of  Quaids birth place
Building and Structure
3 billion
Just for master plan.  Has anyone seen the size of Wazir Mansion.
Institutional Strengthening and efficiency enhacement of economic affairs div total 15.8 billion
Computers Purchase
342 million in addition to 834 billion last year
Project should be renamed Institutional Strengthening and corruption enhancement
Purchase of Transport
950 million in addition to 1.795 billion last year
Equal to 1575 Honda Civics
Furniture and fixtures
220 million in addition to 450 million last year
No comments. Some designer furniture maker must be having a good time
Establishment of Fed Govt Model School for girls PM staff colony Isb
Building and Structure
18 billion in addition to last year 10 billion
Lets hope that school furniture is as good and lavish as PM secretariat is.
Plant and Machinery
1.225 billion
Furniture and Fixture
1.8 billion
Establishment of Cadet College in Pasroor
Consultancy and Contractual work
3 billion
Do you think it will come up.
Purchase of Transport
10 billion
Each cadet will be issued with a Suzuki Mehran
Cadet College Jafarabad
Consultancy
5 billion in addition to 1 billion last year
Having institutions like PAF College, Aitcheson, Hasanabdal, Petaro and we still need consultants to plan a Cadet college in Jafarabad
Purchase of Transport
5 billion
Again cadets will be lucky to get one Suzuki mehran on kit book.
Civil Works
40 billion

Cadet College Noshki
Purchase of Transport
5 billion in addition to 5.57 billion last year
There are a couple of more cadet colleges planed in the budget
Civil Works
71 billion
There are a number of cadet colleges budget for 2010
Additional Transport Facilities in Fed College of Education H-9 Isb
Purchase of transport
9.865 billion
This is an excellent government which is planning to issue individual motorcycles to each college student. May be they consider mobile phone next year
Upgradation of Knowledge Resources of National Library of Pakistan
Purchase of Computer Equipment
2.250 billion last year
They can issue 90,000 atom notebooks in this amount
Furniture and Fixture
500 million in addition to 750 million last year
Probably the facility was not having any furniture in the past
Facilitation Coordination and Monitoring Mechanism for implementation of education Sector Reforms
Purchase of Computer Equipment
100 million in addition to 25 million last year
To monitor they need 2000 desktop computers.
Gifts and Entertainment
100 million
EXCUSE ME how does giving gifts and entertainment improve monitoring.  Column of entertainment and gifts with high numbers is in every sub-demand
Education for all provision for missing facilities to primary and elementary schools
Purchase of Transport
16.8 billion
Lucky students
Building and Construction
1.934 trillion Oops!!!

Capacity building of teaches (Quetta)
Purchase of transport
21.9 billion
Are they issuing them one Honda Civic each
Purchase of Computers
5.7 billion
225,000 Acer Atom notebooks will be issued to all the teachers attending the capacity building classes and one complimentary for their spouse.
Expansion of Customs Guest House H #43/B Lalazar Karachi
Building and Structure
31 billion
They should consider abandoning the idea as they can buy 125 houses of 500 yards in defence for their guests.
NAPHIS strengthening of quality and inspection services
Purchase of computer
700 million in addition to 215 million last year
They have decided to issue computers to inspection companies as well.  This way their capabilities will further enhance.
Purchase of transport
3 billion in addition to 3.2 billion last year
One Honda Accord each for CEOs and GMs of inspection companies
Purchase of plant and machinery
36.545 billion in addition to 54.39 billion last year
They must be planning to establish some high class nuclear lab.  A high end analytical lab cost between 0.5 -1 billion.
Establishment of Fed Program Mgt Unit
Purchase of transport
1.6 billion in addition to 1.318 billion last year
Crazy !!!
National Agricultural Land Use Plan
Purchase of Computer Eqt
1.5 billion in addition to 550 million last year

Purchase of Plant and Machine
1.5 billion in addition to 150 million last year

Furniture and fix
400 million in addition to 270 million last year

Improvement of Nutrition through primary health care
Purchase of transport
1.5 billion

Access to Justice Program
Computer Equipment
300 million in addition to 1.31 billion last year
We have wasted a loan of 350 million dollar in buying computers and accommodation for judges.  Yet 80% of the judges do not know how to operate computer.  Court has to give them an extra hand to us that.  They are authorized one computer in office one laptop at home and a free dsl connection.
Pilot Project Electronic Govt
Computer Equipment
4.6 billion in addition to 2.1 billion last year
This is in addition to a whole lot of budget demanded for e-govt. and separate demands by each department for e-govt
Upgradation of PPMI Phase II
Building and Construction
234.61 billion in addition to 178.702 last year
No comments
Purchase of Computer Equipment
604 million in addition to 304 million last year
Plant and Machinery
600 million in addition to 350 million last year
Establishment of Environment Section in Planning & Development Div
Purchase of Transport
2.7 billion in addition to 2.7 billion last year
This amount is just to establish a section in P&D Div
Purchase of computers
102 million in addition to 52 million last year
Social Service Medical Project Agency HQ Bajor
Purchase of Transport
645 million in addition to 470 million last year
Bajor will have a whole brigade of ambulances

Plant and Machine
155 million in addition to 20 million last year
Probably a full fledged by pass capable operation theater
SSM HQ Landiikotal
Purchase of Transport
645 million in addition to 470 million last year
There are a number of more such HQs in the plan.